Educational draft: initial reading does not replace academic and community review.
Defining features
Some Riau Islands accounts describe staked or cacak kelong as being supported by poles fixed into the seabed. Government heritage documentation uses kelong tancap. Ask local speakers whether the terms are interchangeable in the study area.
Site knowledge
A Bintan historical account discusses currents, construction materials and local agreements about sites. These are observations about practice, not certification of ecological or engineering performance.
Classroom investigation
Build a miniature using blunt sticks and safe reclaimed materials. Test stability in a shallow tray rather than open water, and document why it cannot represent actual sea conditions completely.
Learning question
What is actually supported by local sources, and what still requires direct investigation?